Incidence of Postpartum Depression in Obstetrics Disorders of Pregnancy and Fetomaternal Outcome

Abstract

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major psychological complication of childbirth, particularly in women with high-risk pregnancies. This study aimed to assess the incidence of PPD in patients with obstetric disorders and explore its association with fetomaternal outcomes.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, over 12 months from 18 February 2023 to 18 February 2024. A total of 138 postpartum women with obstetric complications were enrolled using consecutive sampling. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD within six weeks postpartum, with a cut-off score of ≥13. Data on obstetric disorders, neonatal outcomes, and maternal characteristics were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were applied; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The incidence of probable PPD was 47 (34.1%). PPD was significantly more common in women with preeclampsia 18 (51.4%), Caesarean delivery 32 (55.2%), and those whose infants required NICU admission 18 (38.3%) or had low birth weight 20 (42.6%). Advanced maternal age >30 years 25 (50.0%) and lower education 30 (50.0%) were also significantly associated with PPD (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Obstetric complications and adverse neonatal outcomes substantially increase the risk of postpartum depression. Targeted screening and mental health support are essential in high-risk obstetric populations.